Political Correctness in Oleanna free essay sample

Political rightness includes conspicuously inside the play. Political rightness was viewed as an exceptionally questionable issue in the late 1980s to the mid 1990s and was contended inside a 1992 exposition assortment, discussing political accuracy, that it was â€Å"The most significant conversation in American education†. This was maybe because of the various measures of conclusions on whether political accuracy was correct. Political rightness quelled people’s capacities to the right to speak freely of discourse and in this way there were many contrasting suppositions on how much political accuracy would confine anything they desired to state. As this issue is prevalent in Oleanna, it reflects exactly how overwhelming political accuracy was in both society and training at that point. It is apparent that John dismisses political rightness and ridicules Carol for attempting to implement it upon him. It is clear the principle motivation behind political rightness, was to break the customs of the way that numerous individuals had consistently spoken, and change what words and expressions were seen as satisfactory. We will compose a custom paper test on Political Correctness in Oleanna or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page This notwithstanding, was met with obstruction from the white male elitists, who were extremely difficult and demanded the conventional method of talking. This connects to how John acts all through the play, and inside the concentrate he says, â€Å"This is the procedure, and a decent procedure. Under which the school has worked for a significant long time†. It is apparent that John perceives the allegation that has been made against him, about his absence of political accuracy. Notwithstanding, he excuses it, because of the custom that he has been following, over the ‘correct’ method of talking. This could connection to a lewd behavior case in 1991, where a law teacher called Anita Hill charged the Supreme Court Justice, Clarence Thomas of inappropriate behavior. It is clear here that the case turned out for the elitist, paying little mind to who was in reality right, like John in Oleanna. Be that as it may, this contrasts to Mamet’s see as he said about John and Carol that he thinks â€Å"they’re both completely off-base, and they’re both totally right†. The possibility of elitists continually getting their own specific manner connects to later on in the play, when John utilizes the exclamations, â€Å"bitch† and â€Å"cunt†. It is proposed that John is maybe deriding Carol by utilizing the swearwords, as he is as a rule politically erroneous. While Carol attempts to uphold political rightness, John excuses it because of the hubris that he holds, which in Greek Mythology, over the top egotism was called hubris. In the concentrate, apparently John perceives the slip-ups that he has made. In any case, he puts forth no attempt to alter his way of life, conceivably because of the absence of control that he has over himself and his absence of capacity to alter his way of living, â€Å"I don’t intend to expose you to my feeble sensibilities† It doesn’t appear to be an expression of remorse from John, and consequently only a passing proclamation. This again fortifies his absence of willing, to change. This connections back to Act one, when John’s utilization of declaratives and pronouns depicts his certainty and command over Carol, â€Å"Let’s remove the enchantment from it, will we? Hymn? Don’t you think? †. This absence of fitting in with political rightness connects to a discourse that president George Bush gave in 1991, where he stood up against â€Å"a development which would pronounce certain themes ‘off limits’. † In the concentrate, John likewise remarks, â€Å"I find that I am misogynist. That I am elitist†. His acknowledgment of being politically off base could likewise make an inquiry concerning his intentions in conceding his flaws. It is clear that John must be progressively wary due to Carol’s allegations of him, so as to spare his home and his activity. John considers the chance of not getting his home prior on in Act 1, â€Å"the house probably won't go through†. This connections back to the starting point of the name ‘Oleanna’, which originated from a 1853 Norwegian melody about a network in New Norway who were sold out and had their territory removed.

The Cherry Orchard :: essays research papers

In show â€Å" The Cherry Orchard† , Lopakhin and Madame Ranevsky are conflicting people, who are not to be decided as either positive or negative. The two characters are human, having decent characteristics. Lopakhin and Madame Ranevsky's characters are incongruent in the other's psyche. Madame Ravensky is an individual from the falling nobility who is a lost sentimental caught in a dreamland on the plantation while overlooking her difficulties in the "real" world. Lopakhin is a cash driven, some of the time revolting, and socially rising person. Lopakhin is attempting to make a future by conquering his past, yet stays veritable and commonsense in his contribution help. The plantation is a central piece in the play, consequently the name "The Cherry Orchard." The plantation is to be sold in a month after Madame Ravensky's appearance. Lopakhin accepts that the main way the plantation domain can be spared is by cleaving down the cherry trees and separating the property, which he expects to do on the off chance that he purchases the plantation. Madame Ravensky would prefer the plantation be lost totally than changed from how it will stay in her recollections for eternity. The plantation frequents Madame Ravensky. The plantation is the place her child passed on, which is the saddest thing in her life, and yet the plantation was the place Madame Ravensky grew up. She recalls all the honesty she had at the plantation, and the plantation would not be the equivalent in the event that it changed. Nobody can bring back the plantation in her family and she won't spare it on the grounds that the plantation is simply a memory. She is dropping in class as found in her fifth floor loft, however will even now put on a feeling sorry for exterior appeared by her tipping a rupel. She appears to be uninformed, yet sure about her difficulty, since she adores the plantation so much yet wouldn't like to spare it. This is genuine in light of the fact that Madame Ravensky might not have any desire to spare it. Her child kicked the bucket on the plantation just as the plantation is the place she used to live prosperously and like a young lady in her blamelessness and no concerns. It is possible that she might not have any desire to spare the plantation and simply keep it in her recollections as she moves back to France aside from her fall in the public eye yet at the same time living, acting well off. She the plantation helps Madame Ravensky to remember the sentimental occasions of her life and needs to clutch them one final time.

Self-Help Strategies for Living With OCD

Self-Help Strategies for Living With OCD OCD Treatment Print Self-Help Strategies for Living With OCD By Owen Kelly, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on September 19, 2019 Westend61 / Getty Images More in OCD Treatment Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Types Living With OCD Related Conditions Although treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) usually entails consulting with a qualified mental health professional, there are a number of OCD self-help strategies that you can start using right now to help cope with your OCD symptoms.   Get the Facts About OCD Perhaps the most important OCD self-help strategy is to learn as much as you possibly can about your illness. OCD is a chronic illness that requires day-to-day management of symptoms instead of focusing on an ultimate cure. Having a chronic illness requires that you become an expert on your condition and getting informed is the first step.   Options for Treating OCD Learn to Cope With Stress Effectively If you have OCD, you know that OCD and stress go together. While there are a number of ways that people choose to cope with stress, not all coping strategies are equally effective in managing OCD and stress. In fact, some coping strategies can do more harm than good. An essential OCD self-help tool is to learn good coping strategies for dealing with stress like getting enough sleep, eating well, exercising, meditation, and sticking with your treatment plan. Get a Handle on Worry Like stress, OCD and excessive worry often go hand in hand. This worry can focus on the theme of your obsessions, the consequences of your illness or it can relate to everyday matters such as paying bills or performing well at work. Unfortunately, worrying can often consume quite a bit of energy and make it difficult to relax. Learning techniques for coping with worry, such as analyzing the probability of what youre worried about actually happening and deciding how to cope with the worst-case scenario should it happen, is a valuable self-help strategy. Practice Relaxation Techniques Given that stress and worry are major triggers of OCD symptoms, one of the best ways to boost your OCD self-help skills is to learn and practice a number of relaxation techniques. Deep breathing, mindfulness meditation, and progressive muscle relaxation can be very effective additions to any OCD self-help strategy. Relaxing Your Body and Mind Get Moving Most of us are familiar with the many physical benefits of aerobic exercise, including reduced cholesterol levels and lowered risk of heart disease and diabetes. However, there is growing evidence that exercise such as running may be an important OCD self-help strategy for reducing the frequency and intensity of OCD symptoms. How Aerobic Exercise Can Reduce OCD Symptoms Practice Being Mindful Originating in eastern spiritual traditions such as Buddhism, mindfulness emphasizes a non-judgmental awareness of bodily sensations, sights, sounds, thoughts, and emotions. There are a couple of ways in which mindfulness can help you cope with OCD. First, being mindful of distressing or disturbing thoughts may act as a form of exposure to feared obsessions, similar to a person who is afraid of dogs spending time with a dog to lessen the fear. Mindfulness may help you become less invested in your thoughts and help you to realize that a thought is just a collection of words or images and is nothing to fear in itself. This can help to reduce thought-action fusion, a psychological process that can make OCD symptoms worse. Explore Alternative Therapies Alternative medicines such as herbal remedies have been growing in popularity in both Europe and North America. Many people with anxiety disorders such as OCD have tried alternative therapies at one time or another. One of the most popular herbal remedies for anxiety is St. Johns Wort, although the evidence is mixed as to whether it is effective. Of course, consult with your doctor before starting any herbal treatment. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

How You Can t Imagine Our Existence Without The Internet

Today we can’t imagine our existence without the Internet, it came to our everyday life not so long ago, but now everything requires the Internet, whether you need to fill out a job application, check your card balance, pay the bill, take a college class or keep in touch with your friends and relatives. Progressively, people are revealing personal information about themselves and others online. Anyone can quickly capture information and images wherever he goes, and then can share it with the whole world at the one click of the button. Any stranger can take a picture of you and post it on the Internet, or somebody that you know can share your personal secret with an entire planet. Your kids might be posting confidential information about†¦show more content†¦People can document and record each other’s norm violation, and they can then post it online. â€Å"It all began on a subway train in South Korea. A young woman’s small dog pooped in the train. Other passengers asked her to clean it up, but she told them to mind their own business. That’s when it moved over to cyberspace and became even uglier. Someone took photos of her and posted them on a popular Korean blog. [†¦] Across the internet, people made posters with the girl’s photograph, fusing her picture with a variety of other images. The dog poop girl story quickly migrated to the mainstream media, becoming national news in South Korea. As a result of her public shaming and embarrassment, the dog poop girl dropped out of her university.† (Solove 2) This is a very good example how the Internet makes gossip a permanent reputation stain, one that never fades; it is available around the world, and with Google, it can be readily found in less than a second. â€Å"It’s often said that we live in permissive era, one with infinite second chances. But the truth is that for a great many people, the permanent memory bank of web increasingly means there ar e no second chances- no opportunities to escape a scarlet letter in your digital past. Now the worst thing you’ve done is often the first thing everyone knows about you.† (GarnettShow MoreRelatedThe World With Limited Connectivity1686 Words   |  7 PagesImagine a world with limited connectivity. Only 4.3 billion of the 7 billion (and counting) of us in the world could connect to the Internet at one time. Even then, we’re assuming that each of those people has only a single device; those with more devices would have more of an advantage. The more people who tried to connect to the Internet at one time, the slower our computers would run, and the less reliably they would perform. The consequences could be drastic, severely limiting the ability toRead MoreThe Evolution Of Photography, By Joseph Nicephone Niepce1673 Words   |  7 PagesSNAP! SNAP! You ve just caught the perfect picture of your friend running on the beach, your dog stealing your favourite shoe, o r your little brother with his hands deep in the cookie jar. Now pause and think about the future and how many times you would laugh showing these pictures to friends or family. Now rewind a couple of hundred years and imagine a world without photographs to capture these precious memories. As much as photography is used on day-to-day bases, has the concept truly crossedRead MoreAnalysis Of Aldous Huxley s Brave New World1492 Words   |  6 Pagesand run by technology, we can truly recognize certain parallels made between now and his very intuitive novel written in 1932. Modern civilization is voracious concerning technological advances and frankly, humanity as no choice but to progress. World culture dictates that we absolutely must technologically progress for it is the only significant way to differentiate the future from the past. Technology has slowly gained the ability to change the way we interact with our peers and surroundingsRead MoreThe National Aeronautics And Space Administration1405 Words   |  6 Pages Elon Musk, Esquire.com’s 37th most influential person, says, †Sooner or later, we must expand life beyond our little blue mud ball—or go extinct.† (â€Å"Elon Musk - Entrepreneur on the grandest scale†). If this statement about the future of the human race isn’t absolutely terrifying then a reevaluation of your major concerns is necessary because you are missing the ingrained human instinct of survival. While the impending doom of Earth and everyone on it should be an issue of the utmost importance,Read MoreBenefical Role Of Technology In Education1413 Words   |  6 Pagestechnology has a bad influence on our education it still has a lot of benefits like access to any information anytime, provides us alternative books and it makes distance learning more accessible than ever. I. Technology gave us a lot of benefits and one of it is access to every type of information anytime. A. Nowadays, we do not have to search for a specific book in order to get the right information. 1. Technology has made our life a lot more comfortableRead MoreDatabase Management Systems and the Growth of the Internet Essay examples1971 Words   |  8 Pagesand technical advancements have changed the appearance and indeed, the entire capability of the internet as most people know it. Many events have contributed to this change, but none so much as the processing method known as Database Management Systems (DBMS). From its birth in the last century, the way computers process information has grown and expanded to a point that would have been hard to imagine for the early programmers. This growth actually spurred on the growth of the telecommunicationsRead MoreSexual Orientation And Gender Identity1496 Words   |  6 PagesWhat would you think if you knew that throughout your whole life, an untrue assumption had been made about you? How would you feel about total strangers believing that the assumption was reality, the media advertising products and marketi ng movies to you based on this assumption, and even your family supporting it? If the assumption was about a personal issue, this would be hurtful, confusing, and maybe even psychologically damaging. This hypothetical situation comes alive when examining the problemRead MoreInternet Is Changing The Way We Think Now2337 Words   |  10 PagesThe Internet is changing the way we think now and in the future From average teenager using the instant chat messaging to the businessman using the cost effective way to communicate within or outside the organisation Internet plays a key role. What is Internet? It’s a hard question to answer, as Internet is so many things to so many different people. It is a global network of interconnected networks of the computers, which provides the communication and information using standard protocol suiteRead MoreMobile Phones5820 Words   |  24 PagesCredit: Joseph S., San Anselmo, CA Is a knife useful instrument or a perilous weapon? It depends on how it is used. Same implies with the case of technology. The greatest invention are those which affect the mass of people; and of those greatest invention is cell phones .It would be very ungrateful on our parts not to recognise how imperative are they to us. Cell phones have revolutionised the human existence .This is possible only because they are getting cheaper and cheaper day by day. Discounted cellRead MoreSocial Medi Statistics And Trends Essay1877 Words   |  8 Pagesmore than an up-and-coming inclination. Do you remember Friendster and MySpace? Fast-forwarding to 2016, current social media platforms have emerged. Shea Bennet, the author of the article entitled, Social Media Addiction: Statistics and Trends, discovered that at least 99.8% of the teenagers in the world have cellular phones or Ipads and are tweeting, posting, liking, commenting on some particular social media platforms. Social media breeds our reach more hastily, far beyond an extraordinary

The Ethics Of The Homeland Security - 1116 Words

As we move into a new era were a more robust and urgent homeland security program is needed, it is important to talk about how officials are managing all of the risk. There are a multitude of threats; from terrorism, where tactics are all the more unconventional an unpredictable, to climate change, with extreme weather conditions causing severe droughts or other catastrophic storms. The risk accepted by federal officials must be weighed and prioritized in a manner that is conducive to the longevity of the nation but also eliminates political or other personal agenda. To ensure a standardized approach the Department of Homeland Security adopted a risk management. The following will look at defining what risk management is as well as an example of how it is being incorporated within the homeland security enterprise and how doing so is of benefit. WHAT IS RISK MANAGEMENT? Risk management is the process of prioritizing various risks to determine a the best course of action to take given set resources, importance, or abilities. Risk is determined by a simple mathematical function. R=f(C*V*T) C is an estimated or factual dollar amount of costs that would be expected to incur or value lost if an attack or disaster were to happen. V is the percentage of how easy it would be to attack or damage an asset. T represents the probability of the attack or disaster occurring. As part of the normal routine of human life, risk management happens without people even making aShow MoreRelatedEssay on The CyberCrime of Hacking558 Words   |  3 PagesIt’s recommended that Homeland Security should practice constant and consistent training to create awareness on specific security procedures, disaster response plans and other issues like visual awareness reminders such as the posters in their laboratories and other places. 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Have you ever been to an internet shopping site and â€Å"trusted†Read MoreFinal Exam Fact Sheet Essay1041 Words   |  5 Pagesis a force that is external in nature t hat causes strain upon the body, both physical and emotional. * Two models regarding the use of illegally seized evidence are the crime control and due process models. * The Law Enforcement Code of Ethics is felt to achieve bringing about self-respect among officers; contributing to feelings of mutual respect among police, and contributing to the professional image of law enforcement. * Police legal duties can arise from many sources, includingRead MoreThe Security And Foreign Policy1302 Words   |  6 Pagesattack. Combining law enforcement and intelligence is the principal method of accomplishing this (Hughbank Githens, 2010). Intelligence is vital to homeland defense and security. The U.S. intelligence community (IC) has the responsibility of conducting intelligence activities that are necessary for conducting foreign relations and for the national security of the United States (â€Å"Intelligence Community†, n.d.). The following is a brief report about the U.S. intelligence community and the history of URead MoreCongressional Black Caucus : House Ethics760 Words   |  4 PagesCongressional Ethics Rep. Charlie Rangel (D-N.Y.), chairperson of the House Ways and Means Board and a founding member of the Congressional Black Caucus,was convicted on 11 counts of violating House ethics policies by a special House Ethics committee (Kane, 2010). Rep. Charlie Rangel’s infractions included: †¢ Failure to pay taxes for a beach home in the Caribbean. †¢ Omissions and errors in his financial disclosure record †¢ The use of a rent-controlled domestic apartment as a campaign officeRead MoreEssay about Case Study 11 NeoMed Tech. page 511831 Words   |  4 Pagesprofits from a drug screening or drug delivery product could’ve assisted in funding their long-term product focus, they missed an opportunity to develop a quick revenue steam. In addition, NeoMed Technologies could’ve seen success early on in the Homeland Defense space, for detection of nuclear weapons, or dirty bombs. With the shift later in Venture Capital funding opportunities, they could’ve experienced success in this area as well. Bottom-line, they put all their eggs in one basket; they failedRead MoreLevels Of Security Risks And Methods Of Mitigation868 Words   |  4 PagesLevels of security risks and methods of mitigation are not the same for all companies. 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Keywords: Transforming Leadership, Public Safety Administration Practical Application of Transforming Leadership Principles and Benefits forRead MoreImmigration Policy And Its Impact On America882 Words   |  4 Pages With the rise of foreign people permanently settling in America, the immigration policy has affected all aspects of society in terms of growth and development of economy, societal issues, and national security. As the immigration policy is a broad topic among senators, it needs to be prioritize for it to be better understood. In doing so will improve the immigration policy and grasp the significance of its impact in America. Many of the values that brings America together as a nation, is due to

Border Patrol in Arizona Free Essays

Alexa Ibarra English 102 Mrs. Nowotny-Young April 7th, 2010 What can we do to mitigate the affects of drug smuggling in Arizona? According to the Office of National Drug Control Policy there were 5,225 juvenile and 24,145 adult drug arrests in Arizona during 2006. The state of Arizona is a state of high intensity drug trafficking, which has therefore lead Arizona to be a state of great danger. We will write a custom essay sample on Border Patrol in Arizona or any similar topic only for you Order Now The crime dealt with locals, the location of how easily accessible the border is and the networking that has become so large and causes immense crime in Arizona. What can be done to mitigate the affects of drug smuggling in Arizona? For those who are neighbors to the border, they are very influenced by the drugs, crime and risk their lives daily because of the positioning of their home. For most who live near the border it is a matter of culture and heritage. Payan demonstrates a â€Å"birds eye view† and how officials disregard the opinions and thoughts of those who live in the bordering areas. Apparently, they believe that the government should come up with a new approach, which could provide citizens with more privacy and more security in their neighborhoods due to high crime. Another big problem is that because these areas by the borders are so poor, locals feel pressured to become involved in these illicit activities in the drug smuggling business. The newspaper article by Eckholm demonstrates specific drug smuggling in Sells, Arizona. Tribes in Sells have been feeling as though they are being put in the middle, and that security is not strong enough too protect them from the dangers of drug smugglers. Residents of neighborhoods of bordering towns of Mexico those who believe that security in bordering towns must be more secure and refined. The purpose of the article is to give readers a taste of how it is to live in such an area, and that residents are in great danger because of the drug smuggling corruption. Many residents are often times afraid to leave their homes because of the violence and mischief they deal with at nighttime when serious crime is done. Many think this is unfair due to the government’s lack of support to the locals, which would benefit them and put them in less harm and danger. â€Å"The smuggling of people and drugs across their backyards is something residents here have dealt with for decades. But, they say the killing of Krentz cements a disturbing evolution that began a few years ago – illegal border activity has gone from irritating to deadly dangerous. †(Mccombs 1) the killing of Robert Krentz 58 was killed by a suspected illegal immigrant. Most residents here say they believe the killer was a Mexican drug smuggler. â€Å"Many blame the U. S. government for ignoring their warnings about the increased criminal activity and for failing to protect them. The Krentz family says it holds no malice toward Mexican people. They say political forces in U. S and Mexico are accountable for the death. (McComb 1) Arizona shares a 370-mile border with Mexico. This border area, a large portion of which is open and sparsely populated, cannot be continuously monitored by border enforcement agencies and is used extensively by drug trafficking organizations to smuggle illicit drugs into the United States. Significant quantities of methamphetamine, cocaine, heroin, and mariju ana are smuggled from Mexico into Arizona. Federal-wide Drug Seizure System data indicate that Arizona ranked second in the country behind Texas in the total quantity of illicit drugs seized in 2002. Arizona is a national-level distribution center for illicit drugs, largely due to its multifaceted transportation infrastructure. Drug traffickers commonly use private vehicles and commercial trucks to smuggle illicit drugs into and through the state. Couriers traveling aboard commercial aircraft, commercial buses, and passenger railcars and package delivery services also are used by traffickers, but to a lesser extent. DTOs and criminal groups generally use Interstates 8, 10, 17, 19, and 40 as well as U. S. Highways 85 and 86 as primary routes for transporting drugs throughout Arizona and from Arizona to other regions of the country. Interstate 8 extends from San Diego through Yuma and terminates at I-10, approximately midway between Phoenix and Tucson. Interstate 10 spans the entire country, connecting Arizona, particularly Phoenix and Tucson, with the West Coast at Los Angeles and the East Coast at Jacksonville, Florida. Interstate 17 connects Phoenix to Flagstaff and provides access to eastern and western states via I-40. Interstate 19 connects Nogales on the U. S. -Mexico border with I-10 at Tucson. Interstate 40 originates at I-15 in Barstow, California, passes through Arizona, and terminates at Wilmington, North Carolina. US 85 begin at the U. S. -Mexico border and ends in the Phoenix metropolitan area. US 86 split from US 85 and extend eastward to Tucson. The Obama administration would like to invest in an â€Å"invisible fence† which would take up to 672 million dollars in costs to create. The Bush administration launched the project in 2005 to help secure the border against illegal immigrants, drug smugglers and other intruders. It was conceived as another layer of protection, in addition to thousands of Border Patrol agents and 650 miles of real fences. The system was supposed to let a small number of dispatchers watch the border on a computer monitor, zoom in with cameras to see people crossing and decide whether to send Border Patrol agents to the scene. Although there are sensors, cameras and radar at many points along the border, they are not connected to cover large expanses. Originally, the virtual fence was supposed to be completed by 2011 but due to technical problems it has been changed to 2014. â€Å"Among other things, the radar system had trouble distinguishing between vegetation and people when it was windy. Also, the satellite communication system took too long to relay information in the field to a command center. By the time an operator moved a camera to take a closer look at a spot, whatever had raised suspicion was gone. † (Billeaud 1) The technical issues that follow the virtual fence, along with funding problems keep delaying the creation of the virtual fence. According to Jorg Raab he explains that networking can often lead to crime. Networking is being negatively used for drug trade and putting many people in danger because of it. Raab focus is directed to those who view networking as a negative action, and believes that these networks should be confronted if western democracies wish to deal with terrorism, drug smuggling and manifolds pathologies that confront failed states. The Minutemen group has been created through a voluntary group, which is dedicated to preventing illegal crossings of the Unites States border. Arguing that the government is insufficiently concerned with securing the U. S. border they have organized several state chapters, with the intention of providing law enforcement agencies with evidence of immigration law violations. Minutemen are a positive volunteer group but because they are risking their lives with no pay this puts the minutemen at very low numbered group members. The drug smuggling problem has become huge in Arizona. Whether it may affecting the locals, its relative closeness and easily navigable location or that networks have completely taken over the streets drug smuggling is something important and extremely important to understand in order to affectively change it. Some believe that the key to keeping danger away is to focus less on illegal immigration and focus more on drug traffickers who are creating danger to citizens of the border. The Obama administration is hoping to assess an invisible fence, which would keep illegal immigration and drug smuggling out of the United States, but with funding this, may take years to process. The minutemen system has been effective but the fact that it is voluntary puts the volunteers in dangerous situations, which can be misleading. Overall the drug smuggling problem in Arizona has brought much crime and danger to citizens and must be taken care of before drug smugglers expand and put more neighborhoods at harm. Works Cited Billeaud, Jacques. â€Å"Invisible fence at U. S. -Mexico border in real trouble. † The Commercial Appeal. N. p. , Jan. -Feb. 2010. Web. 7 Apr. 2010. Eckholm, Erik. â€Å"In Drug War, Tribe Feels Invaded By Both Sides. † The New York Times 24 Jan. 2010: n. pag. Web. 14 Mar. 2010. McCombs, Brady. â€Å"Chiricahua neighbors fearful as never before. † Arizona Daily Star 3 Apr. 2010: n. pag. AZstarnet. Web. 7 Apr. 2010. Payan, Tony. The three U. S. -Mexico border wars: drugs, immigration, and Homeland Security. Westport: Praeger Security International, 2006. N. Print. Raab, Jorg, and H Brinton Milward. â€Å"Dark Networks as Problems. † Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 13. 4 (2003): 413-439. Web. 14 Mar. 2010. How to cite Border Patrol in Arizona, Papers

The Ten Most Influential First Ladies

A First lady being the wife of a president has roles to carry out in a nation. Depending on her interests she has the right to choose what she would like to be involved with in her husband’s leadership. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Ten Most Influential First Ladies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the United States there have been first ladies and their popularity depended on the roles they have played in the nation. Most of them have used their position to put an impact in the society. This paper will look at the top ten influential first ladies in the United States and their impact in the nation. Hillary Clinton is one of the influential first ladies. She was born in1947 and got married to Bill Clinton in 1975. She had interest in implementation of policies especially in health care section and she worked fully towards her interest. She fought for women and children welfare. She became a juni or senator after his husbands’ term. In 2008 she ran for the presidency but later stepped down and supported Barrack Obama. She is now the secretary of state. Michelle Robinson is a first lady and the wife of the current president of United States. She is known for her love to all people and has shown interest in assisting working and military families. Rosalynn Carter is another influential first lady who was born in 1927and got married to Jimmy Carter in 1946. She is known for participating in many cabinet meetings and always stood for mental health issues. Betty Ford was the wife of Gerald Ford. She emphasized on equal rights amendment and legalization of abortion. She openly spoke out her personal experiences on breast cancer and how she went through the treatment. She involved her self in creating awareness on breast cancer. Eleanor Roosevelt was the wife of Franklin Roosevelt. She was influential and inspiring. She emphasized on education to all. Another influential f irst lady was Jacqueline Kennedy who was born in 1929. She was the wife of John Kennedy. She was associated with fashion and dignity. Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Abigail Fillmore was the wife of Millard Fillmore. She was known for teaching her husband. She participated in formation of the white house library by selecting books to be stored in it after it was designed. There was no library before in the white house. Sarah Polk was the wife of James K. Polk. She wrote speeches and wrote correspondences for him. She also used entertained officials. Dolley Madison was a first lady and wife of James Madison. She valued the white house treasures and saved them during the war of 1812 to protect them when the white house was destroyed. Barbara Pierce was the wife of George H.W. Bush. She was loved by all for her support of events such as AIDS awareness, education and homelessness. This essay on The Ten Most Influential First Ladies was written and submitted by user CaptainAmerica/SteveRogers to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Kokoda Track essays

Kokoda Track essays The Japanese wanted to take Australia out of the war and to do this they had to capture Port Moresby in New Guinea because it could be used as an aircraft base for them. The Japanese advance force first landed in July 1942 with over 10 000 soldiers landing three weeks later. They had to travel south on a very rough pathway called the Kokoda Track. The Kokoda Track was not a single pathway, it was made up of many tracks which joined together to connect villages across the mountains. The Japanese were planning to reach Port Moresby via the Kokoda Track but they had no idea how difficult the terrain was and they had insufficient supplies. They were expecting an easy victory but the Australians matched them in training, experience and morale because the Australians were fighting for their own countrys security. The Japanese were expecting reinforcements by the third week of August. Only a fraction of rations through airdrops were received by Australian soldiers. The Australians fought hard and when they were unable to hold their supply dump they contaminated as much food as possible so the starving Japanese gorged themselves on rotting food. It wasnt until six months later on 22nd January 1943 that the Australians crushed the last resistance of the Japanese at Buna. The Australian soldiers on the Kokoda Track had many hurdles to overcome. One brigade wore desert uniforms as nothing else was available and they soon found out the khaki colour really stood out. Later in the campaign Australian soldiers wore jungle-green uniforms of long trousers and shirts with leather boots and socks. Some tried to dye their khaki uniforms by boiling them in kerosene drums with leaves and tea. They wanted to blend into the rainforest. A soldier carried about 25 kilograms of food, ammunition and other equipment in a haversack on his back. At night if he was lucky he found a patch of level ground and used his ground sheet to lie on ...

Enrollment to the Freelance Writing Course Closes Today

Enrollment to the Freelance Writing Course Closes Today Enrollment to the Freelance Writing Course Closes Today Enrollment to the Freelance Writing Course Closes Today By Daniel Scocco Today is your last chance to join the DWT Freelance Writing Course. Enrollment will remain open until midnight (GMT). The next edition of the course will take place only in mid-2013. Below, you’ll find what some of the past students had to say about the course: â€Å"What you supplied has far exceeded my expectations, both in content and value for money. I congratulate you on a job well done.† (Margaret Huggins, Australia) â€Å"I just wanted to let you know how much I enjoyed the online course. I have been researching content on how to establish a freelance writing career since earlier this year and your course provided information that I just haven’t been able to find anywhere else. Thanks for taking the time to develop this in a straightforward and manageable fashion.† (Yvonne Smith, United States) If youve been writing for a while as a hobby, this course will teach you the steps needed to take it further, into running your own business. With Alis writing skills and Daniels business acumen, youre really learning from people who have experience. The bonuses and private forum alone are worth the cost. (Rhys Winne, England) We also offer a 60-day money-back guarantee: If you are on the fence about joining, feel free to enroll and take the whole course. If, after that, you decide it was not what you were looking for, simply email us, and we’ll refund your money on the same day. Click here to visit the course page where you can enroll and check all the details, including the course structure, price and bonuses. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 English Grammar Rules You Should KnowHow to spell "in lieu of"One Scissor?

Proposal of master project in The differences in the Quality of life Essay

Proposal of master project in The differences in the Quality of life of young old,vs mid-old, vs old-old - Essay Example The 2001 census proved that for the first time there were more people over 60 than under 16 (Dean 2003, p.1). While, the above mentioned statistics can be one of the greatest advantage of the over all improvement in the twentieth centaury, it puts forward immense challenges for the new generation. The existing social and cultural trends make it beyond doubts that older people are mostly bound to stay confined between the four walls in most cases. In a methodological study by John baldock and Jan Hadlow has examined the process of aging from within. The results showed that the old age is indeed a time of ‘identity work’ in which people search for ways to sustain their self-images and to link their present existences to their previous lives (2002). Age-related reduction in muscle strength and power, cardiovascular function and neuromuscular response times, all contribute to the declining physical ability with age Activity and exercise improve health status, muscle strength, aerobic capacity, and reduce fracture risk as well as improving quality of life. Increasing habitual exercise can assist older people in maintaining functional performance (Rajeski W& Mihalko S 2001). Such type of a circumstantial environment is of at most important as the common themes concerning the quality of life, mentioned by participants as important, were concerns with regards to the conditions associated with health, family and home (Kenealy and Beaumont 2003). The quality of life changes along with the deference in the quality of diet as explained by Stephen Burk when he said that meals are not just about refueling, but can really improve someones quality of life (2005). The above mentioned studies have highlighted the variation between the qualities of lives in different age groups. The researchers have been successful in determining the relevance of belief to well-being in later life, and the need for secular welfare organizations to be more prepared to work with

Investment Portfolio Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Investment Portfolio - Assignment Example Both children also have 529 plans established, gifted to them by their grandparents ten years ago. Therefore, college tuition is not considered a financial objective, as higher education will be essentially paid for through these particular savings plans. Finally, the investor has ten years left on a 30-year mortgage note, thereby paying off the loan ten years before he enters retirement. The monthly mortgage payment is approximately $1125. Since the couple looks at their residence as their dream home, they have no intentions of ever selling their property nor do they intend to purchase a second home. They do not foresee any other significant expenses on the horizon; however, they do have an emergency fund valued at $10,500 to cover any problems that may creep into their financial picture. It can be assumed, then, that their objective will not include constructing an emergency reserve. They can, and will, focus solely on retirement savings. I. Investment Policy: A study conducted by Klein and Iammartino in 2010 states that Modern Portfolio Theory supports the notion that there are three main factors that must be considered when selecting the various investment vehicles that will comprise a sound portfolio: diversification, risk tolerance, and time horizon. In this particular situation, the investor’s age and risk tolerance reflects a need for a moderately conservative approach to building the portfolio. While the investor still has some time on his side for wealth accumulation, stocks traditionally perform rather inconsistently, making it virtually impossible to predict what direction the securities will take on any given day. Of course, most portfolio profits are made by investing in securities, as their sheer nature is to grow money. But like anything in life, there is give and take. While highly lucrative, stocks are also highly volatile, which increases the risk that an investor could lose all money put into a particular security if the company is ch anging management, losing its competitive edge in the industry, or even worse, headed for insolvency. As times goes on and retirement inches closer, an investor will have less reaction time to deal with any of the above circumstances that are adversely affecting the portfolio’s performance. Consequentially, it makes good financial sense to build in shock absorbers to help alleviate any additional burdens the investor takes by putting money into equities. These absorbers are referred to as fixed income, which is a more secure asset class because these investments pay out through fixed interest rates for a pre-determined time frame and, in some cases, are insured, should the debtor become insolvent. Fixed income is mainly comprised of bonds and CDs. They are not as profitable as equities and can bring their own element of danger simply because more conservative investments typically cannot outpace inflation (think of your investments flying down a freeway with inflation as the highway trooper clocking the speed at which the money is growing). Still yet, they do provide guarantee, which gives the investor peace of mind that the money will never be lost. It can be said then that the aforementioned investor will need to allocate a certain percentage of his money to stocks, bonds, and finally, cash to provide necessitated liquidity in his portfolio, should there be another global downturn in

heroarms Frederick as a Code Hero in Ernest Hemingways A Farewell to Arms :: Hemingway A Farewell to Arms

Frederick as a Code Hero in Farewell to Arms It is the nature of the beast within that fuels our inclination towards conflict and destruction. During the surreal powers of war, life hangs in the balance setting the stage for an elite group of individuals who triumphantly rise above the rest amidst the chaos. As Ernest Hemingway illustrates in his book, Farewell to Arms, the character of Frederick Henry; an ambulance driver, is put to the ultimate test during the madness and atrocity of WWI. His experiences at the front pose a challenge only a Hemingway hero can affront successfully. As the epitome of a code hero, Frederick is a man of action, self-discipline, and one who maintains grace under pressure. Whenever the situation requires, Henry rises to the occasion taking control of potentially dangerous incidents with quick decision leaving no room for second thought. After Frederick is captured by the battle police, he foresees his inevitable death if no action was taken and instinctively escaped detainment. "I looked at the carabineri, they were looking at the newcomers. The others were looking a the colchel. I ducked down, pushed between two men, and ran for the river, my head down. I tripped at the edge and went in with a splash" (Hemingway, 214). Henry witnessed the gruesome executions of the officers before him and knew he was not going to die without a fight to preserve his precious existence. Being a man of action rather than words, was the determining factor which helped him survive this unfortunate confrontation with death. Regardless of the circumstances, Henry used his authoritative position to make sure others did not engage in any threatening positions that could jeopar dize their safety and the safety of others. When one of his ambulances got suck in the mud during a retreat, two sergeants simply tried to abandon the situation but Frederick stopped them in their tracks. "Halt, I said. They kept on down the muddy road, the hedge on either side. I order you to halt. I called. They went a little faster. I opened up my holster, took the pistol, aimed at the one who talked the most, and fired" (Hemingway, 195). The men were given an ample opportunity to obey Henry's commands and by ignoring them, it suggested that they were challenging their superior's authority. Such actions are not tolerated by Frederick as he was once again forced to take the initiative as his character is always compelled to do.

Automobile in Bangladesh Essay

International University Of Bussines Agriculture And Technology. Abstuct: Automobile is the one popular side of engineering. Now-a-days the demand of automobile product is rising high. But automobile is not developed much and it is so rare for our Bangladeshi people. Bangladesh is developing country but here automobile product is not available. And the automobile product price is high for get ride from this problem we have to developing. our automobile side here,I disscuss about problem of developing automobile, Key word: automobile, Introduction: An automobile, autocar, motor car or car is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transportin passengers, which also carries its own engine or motor. Most definitions of the term specify that automobiles are designed to run primarily on roads, to have seating for one to eight people, to typically have four wheels, and to be constructed principally for the transport of people rather than goods. [3] The year 1886 is regarded the year of birth of the modern automobile – with the Benz Patent-Motorwagen, by German inventor Carl Benz. Motorized wagons soon replaced animal-drafted carriages, especially after automobiles became affordable for many people when the Ford Model T was introduced in 1908. The term motorcar has formerly also been used in the context of electrified rail systems to denote a car which functions as a small locomotive but also provides space for passengers and baggage. These locomotive cars were often used on suburban routes by both interurban and intercity railroad systems. [4] An automobile platform is a shared set of common design, engineering, and production efforts, as well as major components over a number of outwardly distinct models and even types of automobiles, often from different, but related marques. [2] It is practiced in the automotive industry to reduce the costs associated with the development of products by basing those products on a smaller number of platforms. This further allows companies to create distinct models from a design perspective on similar underpinnings. [2] Etymology: The word automobile comes, via the French automobile from the Ancient Greek word (autos, â€Å"self†) and the Latin mobilis (â€Å"movable†); meaning a vehicle that moves itself. The loanword was first adopted in English by The New York Times in 1899. [7] The alternative name car is believed to originate from the Latin word carrus or carrum (â€Å"wheeled vehicle†), or the Middle English word carre (â€Å"cart†) (from Old North French), in turn these are said to have originated from the Gaulish word karros (a Gallic Chariot). [8][9] Description: Definition and benefits: Platform sharing is a product development method where different products and the brand attached share the same components. The purpose with platform sharing is to reduce the cost and have a more efficient product development process. [4] The companies gain on reduced procurement cost by taking advantage of the commonality of the components. However, this also limits their ability to differentiate the products and imposes a risk of losing the tangible uniqueness of the product. The companies have to make a trade-off between reducing their development costs and the degree of differentiation of the products. [3] A basic definition of a platform in automobiles, from a technical point of view, includes: underbody and suspensions (with axles) — where the underbody is made of front floor, underfloor, engine compartment and frame (reinforcement of underbody). [5] Key mechanical components that define an automobile platform include: * The floorpa, which serves as a foundation for the chassis and other structural and mechanical components * Front and rear axles and the distance between them – wheelbase * Steering mechanism and type of power steering. * Type of front and rear suspensions * Placement and choice of engine and other powertrain components * Ford Ka * Fiat Panda * Fiat 500 * Fiat Uno Vehicle platform-sharing combined with advanced and flexible-manufacturing technology enables automakers to sharply reduce product development and changeover times, while modular design and assembly allow building a greater variety of vehicles from one basic set of engineered components. [6] Many vendors refer to this as product or vehicle architecture. The concept of product architecture is the scheme by which the function of a product is allocated to physical components. [7] The use of a platform strategy provides several benefits:[5] * Greater flexibility between plants (the possibility of transferring production from one plant to another due to standardization), * Cost reduction achieved through using resources on a global scale, * Increased use of plants (higher productivity due to the reduction in the number of differences), and * Reduction of the number of platforms as a result of their localization on a worldwide basis. The automobile platform strategy has become important in new product development and in the innovation process. [8] The finished products have to be responsive to market needs and to demonstrate distinctiveness while — at the same time — they must be developed and produced at low cost. [5] Adopting such a strategy affects the development process and also has an important impact on an automaker’s organizational structure. [5] A platform strategy also offers advantages for the globalization process of automobile firms. [9] Because the majority of time and money by an automaker is spent on the development of platforms, platform sharing affords manufacturers the ability to cut costs on research and development by spreading the cost of the R&D over several product lines. Manufacturers are then able to offer products at a lower cost to consumers. Additionally, economies of scale are increased, as is return on investment. [2][10] Examples. Originally, a â€Å"platform† was a literally shared chassis from a previously-engineered vehicle, as in the case for the Citroen 2CV platform chassis used by the Citroen Ami and Citroen Dyane, and Volkswagen Beetle frame under the Volkswagen Karmann Ghia. Platform sharing has been a common practice since the 1960s when GM used the same platform in the development of the Pontiac LeMans, the Buick Skylark, the Chevrolet Chevelle, and Oldsmobile Cutlass. In the 1980s, Chrysler’s K-cars all wore a badge with the letter, â€Å"K†, to indicate their shared platform. In later stages, the â€Å"K† platform was extended in wheelbase, as well as use for several of the Corporation’s different models. Fiat Croma| Cadillac BLS| Opel Vectra C| GM used similar strategies with its â€Å"J† platform that debuted in mid-1981 in four of GM’s divisions. Subsequent to that, GM introduced its â€Å"A† bodies for the same four divisions using the same tread width/wheelbase of the â€Å"X† body platform, but with larger body work to make the cars seem larger, and with larger trunk compartments. They were popular through the 1980s, primarily. Even Cadillac started offering a â€Å"J† body model called the Cimarron, a much gussied up version of the other four brands’ platform siblings. A similar strategy applied to what is known as the N-J-L platform, arguably the most prolific of GM’s efforts on one platform. Once more, GM’s four lower level divisions all offered various models on this platform throughout the 1980s and into the 1990s. 1986 Opel Ascona C| 1988 Pontiac Sunbird| 1988 Cadillac Cimarron| Daewoo Espero|. Japanese carmakers have followed the platform sharing practice with Honda’s Acura line, Nissan’s Infiniti brand, and Toyota’s Lexus marque, as the entry-level luxury models are based on their mainstream lineup. For example, the Lexus ES is essentially an upgraded and rebadged Toyota Camry. [11][12][13][14] After Daimler-Benz purchased Chrysler, Chrysler engineers used several M-B platforms for new models including the Crossfire which was based on the M-B SLK roadster. [15] Other models that share platforms are the European Ford Focus, Mazda 3 and the Volvo S40. [16] Differences between shared models typically involve styling, including headlights, tail lights, and front and rear fascias. Examples also involve differing engines and drivetrains. In some cases such as the Lexus ES that is a Toyota Camry, â€Å"same car, same blueprints, same skeleton off the same assembly line in the same factory†, but the Lexus is marketed with premium coffee in the dealership’s showroom and reduced greens fees at Pebble Beach Golf Links as part of the higher-priced badge. [17] Platform sharing may be less noticeable now, however, it is still very apparent. Vehicle architectures primarily consist of â€Å"under the skin† components, and shared platforms can show up in unusual places, like the Nissan FM platform-mates Nissan 350Z sports car and Infiniti FX SUV. Volkswagen A platform-mates like the Audi TT and Volkswagen Golf also share much of their mechanical components but seem visually entirely different. Volkswagen Group and Toyota have both had much success building many well differentiated vehicles from many marques, from the same platforms. One of the least conspicuous recent examples is the Chevy Trailblazer and Chevy SSR; both use the GMT-360 platform. Opel Astra and Chevy HHR also share a platform yet are visually entirely different. History: One hundred years ago, the first Model T automobile was made. The Model T automobile was not the first car to be built, but it was the first widely affordable mass-produced car. The first Model T was built for sale on October 1, 1908, at a price of about $850. Between 1908 and 1927, a total of 15 million Model Ts were sold. By the 1920s, half of all the cars in America were model Ts. The 1925 Model T touring car cost about $260 at a time when the average annual income in America was $1236. 1 In January 1906, Dr. C. C. Bachman purchased the first automobile to be owned in Waterloo. His car was a 15 horsepower Pope that he purchased at the automobile show in New York City. In July of that same year, H. I. Buttery purchased a 25 horsepower Pope Hartford automobile that he drove from Syracuse to Waterloo. 2 Automobiles, however, had been seen in Waterloo and Seneca County before 1906. John E. Becker in his A History of the Village of Waterloo states that The Automobile Review of August 13, 1904, gave an extended account of LaRoche’s 3,314 non-stop round-trip run between New York City and St. Louis. Included in this account is this paragraph: â€Å"Between Syracuse and Rochester, at Seneca Falls I think it was, I got stuck in the mud and it took me five hours of hard work to dig the machine out and get started again. My hands are covered with blisters from the work! † This incident is said to have happened just west of the village of Seneca Falls and â€Å"illustrates one of the drawbacks to automobiling through the country. † It was also reported just a few years later that the village of Waterloo was â€Å"known from coast to coast† as having some of the worst streets over which automobiles had to pass in crossing the continent. 3 Becker’s History also reports that seventy-six automobiles came through Waterloo on. Association, covering a distance of 4135 miles in sixteen days. The object of the race was to see which make of machines would last the longest and perform the best work as to endurance and keeping in repair. Becker reported that â€Å"Main Street was lined with sightseers who were well repaid for ‘looking. ’ It took the entire afternoon for the passage of the ‘Cars’ through the village. Late in the forenoon came the pilot cars and finely cut strips of paper (called confetti) were thrown from them to mark the route, which through the business section was on the south side of the street. There were about 300 passengers in the whole number, of whom fifteen were ladies. The latter wore the customary veiling, while the men were generally clad in long brown linen dusters with the regulation caps and goggles. †4 According to a 1967 Reveille article written by June Callahan, what is today the Peter Koch car dealership at 221-229 Fall Street in Seneca Falls was the scene of the manufacture of the Iroquois automobile. The Iroquois Type D car was a 35 horsepower touring car, with a 100 inch wheelbase and was sold F. O. B. Seneca Falls for $2,500. The Iroquois Type E was a 40 horsepower, 7 passenger car with 4. 5 by 32 inch tires and platform springs on the rear, with a selling price of $3,000 F. O. B. Seneca Falls. John Kaiser was the President of the Iroquois Motor Car Company between 1903 and 1909. Only thirteen cars were actually built but they were a good car. The small number of vehicles produced was largely because Mr. Kaiser’s approach to building an automobile was considerably different from today’s procedures. He took his technique from the carriage makers—he built his cars to last. He considered a $3,000 automobile to be a very serious investment and he expected his customers to drive his cars for twenty years or more. Because he wanted to build durability into his cars, he inspected and re-inspected every part and he and his employees assembled the entire automobile. In 1909, the company dissolved because of lack of business. Ms. Callahan speculated in her article that â€Å"had Mr. Kaiser thought the same way as Henry Ford, maybe the Iroquois Motor would be a booming industry in Seneca Falls today†¦. †5 In that same article, Callahan reported that â€Å"the streets of Seneca Falls were traveled in the years that followed by many makes that are no longer in production. † These include the American Under-Slung that Norman Gould owned; Fred Fisher owned a Winton; Walter Ward, Sr. owned a Mora; Dr. Horton had an Overland; Charlie Fegley had a Reo; Harry Fredenburg had a Franklin; Paul Perkins, Sr.had a Savon; W. E. Dickey had a Page; and Mrs. Partridge had a Pearce Arrow. The May 30, 1913, issue of the Seneca Falls Reveille noted that people in Seneca Falls had auto fever. There were 89 Model Ts, plus a number of other car makes in the village. In January 1921, there were 2,073 autos and trucks in the county and by September of that same year the number had increased to 2,945. On October 27, 1922, Fred L. Huntington leased a building at Fall and Mynderse Streets for auto sales. 6 Getting an early automobile started,especially once it stalled out, was not an easy task. Virtually everyone knows of the necessity of â€Å"cranking† the motor. Not everyone knows, however, of the â€Å"runaway automobile† incident on September 17, 1917, in Waterloo. Just as the crowd was dispersing from the New York Central Railroad Station after seeing off a largecontingent of Seneca County young men entering the army for war duty, William Redfield’s big Studebaker car became stalled at the main village intersection. When it wouldn’t start, a number of helping hands gave it a push. The car was still in gear and there was no driver in the seat. The runaway car struck another car and then took to the sidewalk where it tore down awnings along the street. In front of Semtner’s tailor shop the car struck and killed H. Eugene Van Buren who was repairing the sidewalk. The auto then struck two little girls and then a tree in front of John C. Shanks’ residence on the corner of Church and Main Streets. The runaway car then bounded across the street and crashed into the house of Edward Conant just east of the Presbyterian Church. Becker summarized the incident with the comment, â€Å"Every part of the auto’s driverless trip down the street was a freak occurrence. †7 If you want to see this wellpreserved 1903 Ford Model A car, you simply have to go to the N. R. Boyce car dealership in Ovid. They have had this car on display since about 1949. To clarify why it is called a 1903 Ford Model A, early Ford cars were simply lettered model A, then model B, etc. until the Model T proved so popular that Ford kept producing that Model T for severa years. Then Ford went back to producing a new Model A. As the picture at right shows, the 1903 Ford Model A was chain-driven. The car often had the problem of mud, etc. clogging up the operation. 8 As automobiles were increasing in number, our villages were changing as well. Waterloo, for example, erected its first street signs in late 1910. 9 In June 1913, a five year contract was made with Central New York and Electric Co, providing for all night street lighting in Waterloo. This lighting consisted of five ornamental cluster lamps of 60 candlepower each to be placed on each side of Main Street, 100 feet apart. 10 Also in 1913, the village of Waterloo designated street numbers for houses and business places so that free postal delivery could be instituted in the village of Waterloo on September 1, 1913. 11 The Waterloo village board on May 6, 1914,resolved to have East Main, Washington, and River Streets, paved as part of the new state. Highway Law, by which the state, the county, the village and adjoining property owners would pay for the improvement. 12 The rapid increase in the number of automobiles led to the development of many autorelated businesses such as gas stations and tourist cabins. One of the most interesting examples in Seneca County was the Windmill Tourist Camp just west of Seneca Falls. The windmill itself was built in 1929. The Camp had a total of 15 cabins, as many as nine gas pumps, and a restaurant and gift shop. It should also be noted that the rise of the automobile helps to explain the demise of streetcars and railroads in our county and nationwide. 13 In 2007 there were 28,143 registered automobiles in Seneca County for a population of about 33,000, and a total of 24,758 driver’s licenses. 14 Seeing areally old car like a Tin Lizzie while driving along on a highway today promptsstrong reaction and for good reason. Maybe it’s simply because cars today arejust so different in appearance from those old cars. Or perhaps those old cars give us pause to think nostalgically of a time when life itself and the very pace of life were so different. Automobile Industry Automobile industry is a symbol of technical marvel by human kind. Being one of the fastest growing sectors in the world its dynamic growth phases are explained by nature of competition, product life cycle and consumer demand. Today, the global automobile industry is concerned with consumer demands for styling, safety, and comfort; and with labor relations and manufacturing efficiency. The industry is at the crossroads with global mergers and relocation of production centers to emerging developing economies. Due to its deep forward and backward linkages with several key segments of the economy, the automobile industry is having a strong multiplier effect on the growth of a country and hence is capable of being the driver of economic growth. It plays a major catalytic role in developing transport sector in one hand and help industrial sector on the other to grow faster and thereby generate a significant employment opportunities. Also as many countries are opening the land border for trade and developing international road links, the contribution of automobile sector in increasing exports and imports will be significantly high. As automobile industry is becoming more and more standardized, the level of competition is increasing and production base of most of auto-giant companies are being shifted from the developed countries to developing countries to take the advantage of low cost of production. Thus, many developing countries are making serious efforts to grab these opportunities which include many Asian countries such as Thailand, China, India and Indonesia. The rising competition and increasing global trade are the major factors in improving the global distribution system and has forced many auto-giants such as General Motors, Ford, Toyota, Honda, Volkswagen, and Daimler Chrysler, to shift their production bases in different developing countries which help them operate efficiently in a globally competitive marketplace. During the second half of the 1990’s, the globalization of the automotive industry has greatly accelerated due to the construction of important overseas facilities and establishment of mergers between giant multinational automobile manufacturers. Over the years, it is being observed that Asia is emerging as a global automotive hub. Exports of automobiles including components from Asia are also increasing by leaps and bounds. Asia has become the major consumer as well as supplier of automobiles. At this juncture, the study makes an attempt to evaluate the growth pattern, changes in ownership structures, trade pattern, role of government etc. in automobile sector of selected Asian countries (viz. China, India, Indonesia and Thailand). The objective of the study is to understand the dynamics of Indian automobile sector in comparison to the same sector in other selected Asian countries. Thailand is a major auto exporting country from Asia. The sector is mainly driven by Japanese FDI. Chinese automobile sector is growing very fast and is poised to make its dent in the internationalhand is consolidating its position with strong domestic and external demand. The Indonesian automotive industry is essentially an assembly industry, dominated by the major Japanese car manufacturers is also coming up in post-liberalization period and increasing its exports. Japan and Korea Rep already have developed automobile industry. Hence, comparison with these two countries may not be worthwhile. Selected four are developing countries and making an effort to develop the automobile sector through different paths. The paper will compare the alternative strategies for the growth of automobile industry in these selected countries The production of automobiles in volume began in the early 1890s, in Western Europe. The USA started the production of both electric and gas automobiles by 1896. In 1903, Ford stepped in. The price of cars reduced from USD 850 in 1908 to USD 360 in 1916. The great depression and the World Wars saw a drop in sale; but the 1950s and 1960s were the glorious era for automobiles (driven by Ford, GM and Chrysler). Production reached 11 million units in 1970. Industry specialists indicate that international business in the automobile industry dates back to the technology transfer of Ford Motor Company’s mass-production model from the U. S. to Western Europe and Japan following both World Wars I and II. This gives rise to two important trends. The first one is that, the advancements in industrialization led to significant increase in the growth and production of the Japanese and German automotive markets. The second important trend was that due to the oil embargo from 1973 to 1974, the export of fuel efficient cars from Japan to the U. S. Earlier due to low fuel prices, US was producing ‘muscle cars’ but after the oil price shocks US had to compete with Europe and Japan who succeeded in producing fuel efficient cars. For the first time, design, marketing, prices, customer satisfaction etc become important in the automobile market. By 1982, Japan became the world leader in US market. The potential growth opportunities led to global overcapacity in automobile industry. 1990s observed the merger and acquisition (M&A) and formation of strategic alliances to tackle this overcapacity problem. Increasing global trade also act as a major factor for rising growth in world commercial distribution systems, which has also increased the global competition amongst the automobile manufacturers. Japanese automakers have instituted innovative production methods by modifying the U. S. manufacturing model. They are also capableof adapting and utilizing technology to enhance production and increase product competition. There are three major trends of world automotive industry, which are discussed briefly bellow: Global Market Dynamics – The world’s leading automobile manufacturers continue to invest into production facilities in emerging markets in order to reduce production costs and therefore rise in profits. These emerging markets include Latin America, China, Malaysia and other markets in Southeast Asia. Establishment of Global Alliances – Now-a-days, there is trend of joint venture in global automotive industry. Most of the giant automobile manufacturers are merging with each others. The big three U. S. automakers (GM, Ford and Chrysler) have merged with, and in some cases established commercial strategic partnerships with other European and Japanese automobile manufacturers. The Chrysler Daimler-Benz merger, were initiated by the European automaker in order to strengthen its position in the U. S. market. Overall, there has been a trend by the world automakers to expand by merging with other giant automotive companies in overseas markets*. Industry Consolidation – Increasing global competition amongst the global manufacturers and positioning within foreign markets has divided the world’s automakers into three groups, the first group being GM, Ford, Toyota, Honda and Volkswagen, and the two remaining group manufacturers attempting to consolidate or merge with other lower group automakers to compete with the first group companies† . Diagram1 provides a snapshot view of this. World automotive industry, in its early stages of development, was concentrated mainly in hands of developed countries like U. S. , Japan etc. But as automobile industry become more and more standardized, the production base of most of auto-giant companies was shifted from the developed countries to developing countries. Standardization makes production more profitable in developing countries due to low cost of labor. That’s why countries like Thailand, China today are the main production base for many multinational automobile companies, and that explain why this study is concentrated only on selected countries in Asia. Table 1 below compares basic features of automobile industry in three major markets in the world. Table 1: Comparison of Basic Features in Three Major Automobile Market Characteristics| US Market| European Market| East and South East AsianMarket| Contribution to| Motor vehicle| The automotive industry represents| In Japan industry represents 13 %| Economy| Organisational andtechnological changeis the keycharacteristics of theUS industry. Of late,steps are taken toincrease its globalpresence byexpanding globalalliances and seekinggreater collaborationwith other U. S. automakers. Productivity is morethan EU but less thanJapan. | The European automotive market iscomprised of a concentrated andsophisticated global network, whichincludes joint-ventures,cooperatives, productions andassembly sites. Like USA, overcapacity, intense competition andinvestment for technology aregeneral features. The industry isdriven by MNCs mainly located inWestern Europe. However, thegrowing production is noted in theCzech Republic, Hungary, Poland,Slovenia, Slovakia and Turkey. | East Asian market is mainly drivenby Japanese FDI. Apart from this,state sponsored initiatives areobserved in Korea Rep. , China, etc. These countries are making attemptto develop indigenous auto-industrybase. Others are driven by MNCs. Profitability in the industry isrelatively more than EU| Market Share| Ford, GM andChrysler makeupapproximately 76 %of U. S. passengervehicle production,while Japaneseautomakers, Toyota,Honda, Nissan,Mitsubishi, Subaru,Isuzu represents 18%, and Europeanautomakers, BMWand Mercedes(division of Daimler-Chrysler) make upnearly 2%. | The EU’s largest automotiveproducer is Germany estimated at30 % of EU’s total production,followed by France at 19 % andSpain at 17 %, and the UnitedKingdom at 10 %The largest automakers producingmultiple brands, such as GeneralMotors, Ford, Daimler Chrysler,Volkswagen, Fiat and PeugeotCitroen. There are also independentautomakers, such as Porsche, BMWand Bertione. | In Japan Toyota, Honda, Nissan,Mazda etc dominate the market. InKorea Rep, Hyundai acquired Kiaand Asia Motors in 1999, and sold10 % of its equity toDaimlerChrysler in 2000; Daewoopurchased 52 % equity in Ssanyongin 1998; and GM purchased 42 %equity of Daewoo; and in 2000,French automaker Renaultpurchased Samsung Motors. InASEAN region, Toyota, Hyundai,Suzuki, GM are major players. | Demand Pattern(Domestic andexport)| The US producersmainly produce fordomestic market andto some extent forCanadian market. Canada is the largestmarket for U. S. vehicle exports withsubsidiaries of U. S. automakersaccounting for mostof the imports. TheUS big Threecontinues to invest inCanadian market. | Consumer demand is the drivingforce for industry in EU. Moremodels, shorter life-cycle is the keyof demand pattern which is similar toUSA. New EU members show anincreasing demand and manyCompanies shifting some of theirproduction base to these countries. EU is gaining through exporting highvalue services such as design andengineering. Europe’s bus and truck market isstronger than Asia dominated byplayers like Volvo, Scania andMercedes. | Asian market is growing relativelyslowly but steadily in post-financialcrisis period. Asia’s three coremarkets are Japan, Korea andChina. South East Asian marketsare also growing rapidly. Thecompound average growth rate inASEAN countries is expected to bein the order of 10 to 20 percent until2010; 10 percent in India; and only4 percent to 8 percent in PRC;Korea; or Taiwan ,China. In 2010,Japan’s demand will be around 1/3rdof total East and SE Asian demand. Korea, Thailand play major part inexporting vehicles. AFTA isexpected to increase the regional| | | | export market. | Restructuring Status of Automobile Industry in 2000: Economics of Automobile Industry: Today’s global automotive industry is full of opportunities and risks which are everywhere — in emerging and mature markets alike. However, profitable growth is becoming more difficult to achieve due to challenges prevailed from the supply chain to the retail environment. Currently, the automotive industry has too much of everything — too much capacity, too many competitors and too much redundancy and overlap. The industry is in the grips of a global price-war. Production: Today, the large car manufacturers has a production facility in the different markets and from each platform a car is produced for that market as well as for exports to other markets. Big players in automobile industry do not have just one big factory which exports its products to all other countries. In addition, the products are not identical in each different market. It may have the same technical platform, but the design and the options and features differ between countries. They are different because the demands of customers differ between countries. For example, in South America, incomes are lower than in Western Europe and customers need more affordable cars. In the USA the customers want more space in the car, and that’s an important factor for a car to be successful there. On the contrary, small cars are quite popular in India. It is not possible to be in the high volume market and to send the same cars to every market all over the world. So car makers are researching what their customers want and changing the car for each market otherwise they will loose customers. More and more CKD (completely knocked down) cars are being produced for some countries in smaller volumes. That is often the case if there are barriers to exporting cars to particular countries, and they are only being sold in smaller volumes. With larger markets, where sales of particular models are high, companies really need their own plant which has its own suppliers of parts. Due to sharp competition and changing customer demand, product development process advances have been more significant than changes in product architecture. Product cycles continue to grow shorter as more companies adopt the simultaneous engineering approach pioneered by Japanese automakers†¡. At the same time, advances in Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE) tools are being used to replace physical prototypes and testing processes. Now, major players (in post M&A situation) take greater responsibility for product design and allow production base to get shifted to advantageous location for low cost. However, still due to lack of standardization, number of tiers at the supply chain is not reduced. Moreover, when design is replicated with modification for physical product development, several domestic issues need to be taken into consideration. These are mainly legal liability, and regulatory procedures. Furthermore, there is a technological move towards modules, i. e. self-contained functional units with standardized interfaces that can serve as building blocks for a variety of differen.

How to Make Deep Copies in Ruby

Its often necessary to make a copy of a value in Ruby. While this may seem simple, and it is for simple objects, as soon as you have to make a copy of a data structure with multiple array or hashes on the same object, you will quickly find there are many pitfalls. Objects and References To understand whats going on, lets look at some simple code. First, the assignment operator using a POD (Plain Old Data) type in Ruby. a 1b aa 1puts b Here, the assignment operator is making a copy of the value of a and assigning it to b using the assignment operator. Any changes to a wont be reflected in b. But what about something more complex? Consider this. a [1,2]b aa 3puts b.inspect Before running the above program, try to guess what the output will be and why. This is not the same as the previous example, changes made to a are reflected in b, but why? This is because the Array object is not a POD type. The assignment operator doesnt make a copy of the value, it simply copies the reference to the Array object. The a and b variables are now references to the same Array object, any changes in either variable will be seen in the other. And now you can see why copying non-trivial objects with references to other objects can be tricky. If you simply make a copy of the object, youre just copying the references to the deeper objects, so your copy is referred to as a shallow copy. What Ruby Provides: dup and clone Ruby does provide two methods for making copies of objects, including one that can be made to do deep copies. The Object#dup method will make a shallow copy of an object. To achieve this, the dup method will call the initialize_copy method of that class. What this does exactly is dependent on the class. In some classes, such as Array, it will initialize a new array with the same members as the original array. This, however, is not a deep copy. Consider the following. a [1,2]b a.dupa 3puts b.inspecta [ [1,2] ]b a.dupa[0] 3puts b.inspect What has happened here? The Array#initialize_copy method will indeed make a copy of an Array, but that copy is itself a shallow copy. If you have any other non-POD types in your array, using dup will only be a partially deep copy. It will only be as deep as the first array, any deeper arrays, hashes or other objects will only be shallow copied. There is another method worth mentioning, clone. The clone method does the same thing as dup with one important distinction: its expected that objects will override this method with one that can do deep copies. So in practice what does this mean? It means each of your classes can define a clone method that will make a deep copy of that object. It also means you have to write a clone method for each and every class you make. A Trick: Marshalling Marshalling an object is another way of saying serializing an object. In other words, turn that object into a character stream that can be written to a file that you can unmarshal or unserialize later to get the same object. This can be exploited to get a deep copy of any object. a [ [1,2] ]b Marshal.load( Marshal.dump(a) )a[0] 3puts b.inspect What has happened here? Marshal.dump creates a dump of the nested array stored in a. This dump is a binary character string intended to be stored in a file. It houses the full contents of the array, a complete deep copy. Next, Marshal.load does the opposite. It parses this binary character array and creates a completely new Array, with completely new Array elements. But this is a trick. Its inefficient, it wont work on all objects (what happens if you try to clone a network connection in this way?) and its probably not terribly fast. However, it is the easiest way to make deep copies short of custom initialize_copy or clone methods. Also, the same thing can be done with methods like to_yaml or to_xml if you have libraries loaded to support them.